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Coinfections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and infectious agents have been recognized since the early 90s. In the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV +  patients, parasitic protozoans like  Toxoplasma gondii  have been described as responsible for the space occupying lesions (SOL) developed. However, the involvement of  Trypanosoma cruzi  is also described but appears to be less frequent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and transplant recipients, associated with necrotizing myocarditis and neurological symptoms related to the occurrence of necrotizing pseudotumoral encephalitis (NPE) and meningoencephalitis (NME). The present work aims to present a Venezuelan case of NME associated with the coinfection of HIV and a  T. cruzi -like trypanosomatid as well as its evolution and diagnosis by histopathological techniques, electron microscopy, and PCR methods using formalin-fixed- (FF-) and paraffin-embedded- (PE-) tissues. Postmortem cytological studies of leptomeninges imprints reveal the presence of trypomastigotes of  Trypanosoma  sp. Histopathological and electron microscopy studies allowed us to identify an amastigote stage and to reject the involvement of other opportunistic microorganisms as the etiological agent of the SOL. The definitive confirmation of  T. cruzi  as the etiological agent was achieved by PCR suggesting that the NME by  T. cruzi  was due to a reactivation of Chagas' disease.

analytical cellular pathology

<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in a Venezuelan HIV<sup>+</sup>-AIDS Patient: Pathological Diagnosis Confirmed by PCR Using Formalin-Fixed- and Paraffin-Embedded-Tissues

Trypanosoma cruziNecrotizing Meningoencephalitis in a Venezuelan HIV+-AIDS Patient: Pathological Diagnosis Confirmed by PCR Using Formalin-Fixed- and Paraffin-Embedded-Tissues

Trypanosoma cruziNecrotizing Meningoencephalitis in a Venezuelan HIV⁺-AIDS Patient: Pathological Diagnosis Confirmed by PCR Using Formalin-Fixed- and Paraffin-Embedded-Tissues