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The present study reports the phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of  Bauhinia variegata  leaf extracts. The reducing sugar, anthraquinone, and saponins were observed in polar extracts, while terpenoids and alkaloids were present in nonpolar and ethanol extracts. Total flavonoid contents in various extracts were found in the range of 11–222.67 mg QE/g. In disc diffusion assays, petroleum ether and chloroform fractions exhibited considerable inhibition against  Klebsiella pneumoniae . Several other extracts also showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of  E. coli ,  Proteus  spp. and  Pseudomonas  spp. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of potential extracts were found between 3.5 and 28.40 mg/mL. The lowest MBC (3.5 mg/mL) was recorded for ethanol extract against  Pseudomonas  spp. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidants. Dose dependent response was observed in reducing power of extracts. Polar extracts demonstrated appreciable metal ion chelating activity at lower concentrations (10–40   μ  g/mL). Many extracts showed significant antioxidant response in beta carotene bleaching assay. AQ fraction of  B. variegata  showed pronounced cytotoxic effect against DU-145, HOP-62, IGR-OV-1, MCF-7, and THP-1 human cancer cell lines with 90–99% cell growth inhibitory activity. Ethyl acetate fraction also produced considerable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and THP-1 cell lines. The study demonstrates notable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities in  B. variegata  leaf extracts.

Bauhinia variegataLeaf Extracts Exhibit Considerable Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities