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Despite a pivotal role in salivary gland development, homeostasis, and disease, the role of salivary gland mesenchyme is not well understood. In this study, we used the  Col1a1-GFP  mouse model to characterize the salivary gland mesenchyme  in vitro  and  in vivo . The  Col1a1-GFP  transgene was exclusively expressed in the salivary gland mesenchyme.  Ex vivo  culture of mixed salivary gland cells in DMEM plus serum medium allowed long-term expansion of salivary gland epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The role of TGF- β 1 in salivary gland development and disease is complex. Therefore, we used this  in vitro  culture system to study the effects of TGF- β 1 on salivary gland cell differentiation. TGF- β 1 induced the expression of collagen, and inhibited the formation of acini-like structures in close proximity to mesenchymal cells, which adapted a fibroblastic phenotype. In contrast, TGF- β R1 inhibition increased acini genes and fibroblast growth factors ( Fgf-7  and  Fgf-10 ), decreased collagen and induced formation of larger, mature acini-like structures. Thus, inhibition of TGF- β  signaling may be beneficial for salivary gland differentiation; however, due to differential effects of TGF- β 1 in salivary gland epithelial versus mesenchymal cells, selective inhibition is desirable. In conclusion, this mixed salivary gland cell culture system can be used to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the effects of differentiating inducers and inhibitors.

biomed research international

An<i>In Vitro</i>Culture System for Long-Term Expansion of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Salivary Gland Cells: Role of TGF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>1 in Salivary Gland Epithelial and Mesenchymal Differentiation

AnIn VitroCulture System for Long-Term Expansion of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Salivary Gland Cells: Role of TGF-β1 in Salivary Gland Epithelial and Mesenchymal Differentiation