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The present study deals with the cytological investigations on the meristematic root cells of carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus  Linn.) grown  in vivo  and  in vitro . Cellular parameters including the mitotic index (MI), chromosome count, ploidy level (nuclear DNA content), mean cell and nuclear areas, and cell doubling time (Cdt) were determined from the 2 mm root tip segments of this species. The MI value decreased when cells were transferred from  in vivo  to  in vitro  conditions, perhaps due to early adaptations of the cells to the  in vitro  environment. The mean chromosome number was generally stable (2 n  = 2 x  = 30) throughout the 6-month culture period, indicating no occurrence of early somaclonal variation. Following the transfer to the  in vitro  environment, a significant increase was recorded for mean cell and nuclear areas, from 26.59 ± 0.09   μ  m 2  to 35.66 ± 0.10   μ  m 2  and 142.90 ± 0.59   μ  m 2  to 165.05 ± 0.58   μ  m 2 , respectively. However, the mean cell and nuclear areas of  in vitro  grown  D. caryophyllus  were unstable and fluctuated throughout the tissue culture period, possibly due to organogenesis or rhizogenesis. Ploidy level analysis revealed that  D. caryophyllus  root cells contained high percentage of polyploid cells when grown  in vivo  and maintained high throughout the 6-month culture period.

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Comparative Studies on Cellular Behaviour of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusLinn. cv. Grenadin) GrownIn VivoandIn Vitrofor Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation