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This paper presents a new adaptive finite element (FE) procedure for accurate, efficient, and reliable computation of the critical buckling loads and the associated modes of nonuniform Bernoulli-Euler members. After the conventional FE solution on a given mesh has been obtained, a novel conceptual and practical strategy is introduced, in which the FE solution of the eigenproblem is equivalently viewed as the FE solution of an associated linear problem. This strategy allows the recently developed element energy projection (EEP) technique to be readily used to calculate super-convergent FE solutions for buckling modes, which are subsequently used to estimate the FE solution errors and to further guide mesh refinements, until the accuracy of the FE solution matches the user-preset error tolerance. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness, efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the proposed method, which also paves the way for development of an adaptive FE solver for more general and complicated eigenproblems

An Adaptive FEM for Buckling Analysis of Nonuniform Bernoulli-Euler Members via the Element Energy Projection Technique