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Objective . To investigate the frequency of peripheral   γδ   T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlation with disease activity and to analyze the apoptotic status, proliferation ability, and intracellular cytokine profile of these cells.  Methods . Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentage and intracellular cytokine expression of peripheral   γδ   T cells from SLE patients. Annexin-V/PI double staining was applied to determine the proportion of apoptotic   γδ   and CD3 +  T cells.   γδ   T cell proliferation was analyzed by CFSE labeling technique.  Results . The percentage and absolute number of   γδ   T cells were remarkably decreased in active SLE patients compared to those in inactive patients and healthy controls, with   γδ   T cell count negatively correlated with disease activity. Compared with healthy controls, peripheral   γδ   T cells from active SLE patients exhibited higher apoptotic rate and lower proliferation ability, as well as elevated expression of intracellular IFN-  γ  , IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-  β  , but not IL-17 or Foxp3.  Conclusion . Decreased   γδ   T cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients might be caused by upregulated apoptosis and downregulated cell proliferation. These   γδ   T cells may secret both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to perform their functions in SLE.

clinical and developmental immunology/clinical and developmental immunology

Elevated Apoptosis and Impaired Proliferation Contribute to Downregulated Peripheral<i>γ</i><i>δ</i>T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Elevated Apoptosis and Impaired Proliferation Contribute to Downregulated PeripheralγδT Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus