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The purpose of this study was to determine whether levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in childhood are related to insulin resistance in adolescence. Further, to explore how fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2peak ) moderate this relationship.  Methods . 292 nine-year-old children ( n  = 292) were followed for 4 years. Anthropometrics and VO 2peak  were measured. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for IL-6, insulin, and glucose. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used as a measure of insulin resistance.  Results . For girls but not boys, levels of IL-6 at age 9 yrs correlated with HOMA-IR at age 13 yrs:  r  = 0.223,  P  = 0.008. Girls with IL-6 levels within the highest quartile at age 9 yrs had an odds ratio of 3.68 (CI = 1.58–8.57) being in the highest quartile of HOMA-IR four years later.  Conclusion . In this cohort, IL-6 levels in childhood were related to insulin resistance in adolescence, but only for girls.

Sex Differences in the Association between Level of Childhood Interleukin-6 and Insulin Resistance in Adolescence