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Root bark preparation of  Annona senegalensis  Pers. (Annonaceae) is used in Nigerian ethnomedicine for treatment of infectious diseases. Extraction of the  A. senegalensis  powdered root bark with methanol-methylene chloride (1 : 1) mixture yielded the methanol-methylene extract (MME) which was fractionated to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction (EF). The EF on further fractionation gave two active subfractions, F1 and F2. The F1 yielded a lipophilic oily liquid while F2 on purification, precipitated white crystalline compound, AS2. F1 was analyzed using GC-MS, while AS2 was characterized by proton NMR and X-ray crystallography. Antibacterial and antifungal studies were performed using agar-well-diffusion method with 0.5 McFarland standard and MICs calculated. GC-MS gave 6 major constituents: kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; 1-dodecanol; 1-naphthalenemethanol; 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethanol; 3,3-dimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)cyclohexane-1-methanol; 3-hydroxyandrostan-17-carboxylic acid. AS2 was found to be kaur-16-en-19-oic acid. The MICs of EF, F1, and AS2 against  B. subtilis  were 180, 60, and 30   μ  g/mL, respectively. AS2 exhibited activity against  S. aureus  with an MIC of 150   μ  g/mL, while F1 was active against  P. aeruginosa  with an MIC of 40   μ  g/mL. However, the extracts and AS2 exhibited no effects against  Candida albicans  and  Aspergillus niger . Therefore, kaurenoic acid and the lipophilic fraction from  A. senegalensis  root bark exhibited potent antibacterial activity.

Antimicrobial Effects of a Lipophilic Fraction and Kaurenoic Acid Isolated from the Root Bark Extracts ofAnnona senegalensis