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The  in vitro  antitumour-promoting, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities of two ester derivatives of garcinia acid, that is, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide ( 1 ) and 1′,1′′-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate ( 2 ), that had been previously isolated from the fruits of  Garcinia atroviridis  Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae), were examined. Based on the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation, compound  1  (IC 50 : 70   μ  M) showed much higher (8-fold) antitumour-promoting activity than compound  2  (IC 50 : 560   μ  M). In addition, both compounds were nontoxic towards CEM-SS (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cells (CD 50 : >100   μ  M), Raji (human B-lymphoblastoid) cells (CD 50 : >600   μ  M), and brine shrimp (LD 50 : >300   μ  M). Although the antitumour-promoting activity of compound  1  is moderate compared with the known antitumour promoter genistein, its non-toxicity suggests the potential of compound  1  and related structures as chemopreventive agents. The weak antioxidant activity displayed by both compounds also suggested that the primary antitumour-promoting mechanism of compound  1  did not involve oxidative-stress quenching.

Noncytotoxic and Antitumour-Promoting Activities of Garcinia Acid Esters fromGarcinia atroviridisGriff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae)