English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Pregnancy is a complex immunological state in which a bias towards T helper 2 (Th2) protects the fetus. Evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines increase the risk of poor neonatal outcome, independently of the direct effect of preterm labour. The anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -Prostaglandin J 2  (15dPGJ 2 ) inhibits nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-  κ  B) in amniocytes and myocytes  in vitro  and is a ligand for the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) receptor. Here we examine the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and whether 15dPGJ 2  could be used to inhibit the production of the proinflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-  κ  B while simultaneously promoting Th2 interleukin 4 (IL-4) synthesis via CRTH2 in T helper cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from women at 28 weeks, term pre-labour, term labour as well as non-pregnant female controls were cultured with 15dPGJ 2  or vehicle control and stimulated with phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. The percentage of CD4 +  cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-  γ  ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-  α  ) in response to PMA/ionomycin was significantly reduced in pregnancy. 15dPGJ 2  reduced IFN-  γ   and TNF-  α   production in stimulated T helper cells, but did not alter IL-4 production in CRTH2 +ve  cells. 15dPGJ 2  also reduced phospho-p65 in stimulated PBMCs. In summary, 15dPGJ 2  suppresses the Th1 response of PBMCs during pregnancy and active labour whilst maintaining the Th2 response suggesting a therapeutic benefit in reducing neonatal morbidity in inflammation-induced PTL.

mediators of inflammation

Changes in the Th1 : Th2 Cytokine Bias in Pregnancy and the Effects of the Anti-Inflammatory Cyclopentenone Prostaglandin 15-Deoxy-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>12</mml:mtext><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mtext>14</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>-Prostaglandin<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>J</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:math>

Changes in the Th1 : Th2 Cytokine Bias in Pregnancy and the Effects of the Anti-Inflammatory Cyclopentenone Prostaglandin 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-ProstaglandinJ2