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Introduction . In view of the noteworthy role of adipocytokines in the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes in gene-knockout-rat-model-cell-line studies we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition for diabetes on adipocytokine levels and their role in building insulin-resistance-like environment well before the onset of diabetes; thus a hypothesis can be drawn on their role in developing diabetes in high risk population.  Methods . Ages between 18 and 22 years were selected and divided into three groups. Group I ( n  = 81): control group with no family history of diabetes. Group II ( n  = 157): with one of their parents with history of type 2 diabetes. Group III ( n  = 47): with both parents having history of type 2 diabetes. In all the groups we estimated fasting plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines like adiponectin, leptin, TNF-  α  , and IL-6.  Results . Of all adipocytokines we observed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (8.7 ± 1   μ  g/mL in group III and 9.5 ± 1.3   μ  g/mL group II) when compared to control (11.0 ± 1.2   μ  g/mL;  P  < 0.01) and it has strong correlation with family history of diabetes with Pearson's coefficient of −0.502. Linear regression analysis showed significant negative association with HOMA-IR ( P  < 0.01) and logistic regression analysis showed highest association with parental diabetes ( P  < 0.01; OR .260, 95% CI .260–.468).  Conclusion . Genetic predisposition for diabetes may influence adiponectin gene expression leading to decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.

Adipocytokine Levels in Genetically High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in the Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study