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There is a paucity of data on the pulmonary immune-compartment interferon gamma (IFN γ ) response to  M. tuberculosis , particularly in settings of high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and in HIV-coinfected individuals. This data is necessary to understand the diagnostic potential of commercially available interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in both the pulmonary immune-compartment and peripheral blood. We used intracellular cytokine staining by flow cytometry to assess the IFN γ  response to purified protein derivative (PPD) and early secretory antigen 6 (ESAT6) in induced sputa (ISp) and blood samples from HIV-infected, smear-negative, TB suspects. We found that individuals with active TB disease produced significantly less IFN γ  in response to PPD in their induced sputa samples than individuals with non-active TB (control group). This difference was not reflected in the peripheral blood, even within the CD27− CD4+ memory T lymphocyte population. These findings suggest that progression to active TB disease may be associated with the loss of IFN γ  secretion at the site of primary infection. Our findings highlight the importance of studying pulmonary immune-compartment  M. tuberculosis  specific responses to elucidate IFN γ  secretion across the spectrum of TB disease.

clinical and developmental immunology/clinical and developmental immunology

Pulmonary Immune-Compartment-Specific Interferon Gamma Responses in HIV-Infected Individuals with Active Tuberculosis (TB) in an Area of High TB Prevalence