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Why some individuals develop clinical manifestations in Lyme borreliosis (LB) while others remain asymptomatic is largely unknown. Therefore, we wanted to investigate adaptive and innate immune responsiveness to  Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato  in exposed  Borrelia -antibody-positive asymptomatic children ( n  = 20), children with previous clinical LB ( n  = 24), and controls ( n  = 20). Blood samples were analyzed for  Borrelia -specific interferon (IFN)- γ , interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 secretion by ELISPOT and  Borrelia -induced IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by Luminex. We found no significant differences in cytokine secretion between groups, but a tendency towards an increased spontaneous secretion of IL-6 was found among children with previous clinical LB. In conclusion, the adaptive or innate immune responsiveness to  Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato  was similar in  Borrelia -exposed asymptomatic children and children with previous clinical LB. Thus, the immunological mechanisms of importance for eradicating the spirochete effectively without developing clinical manifestations of LB remain unknown.

clinical and developmental immunology/clinical and developmental immunology

Adaptive and Innate Immune Responsiveness to<i>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato</i>in Exposed Asymptomatic Children and Children with Previous Clinical Lyme Borreliosis

Adaptive and Innate Immune Responsiveness toBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoin Exposed Asymptomatic Children and Children with Previous Clinical Lyme Borreliosis