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Objective . Our aim was to investigate the effects of IL-6 blockade on the progression of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  (TB) and compare them with those of TNF- α  blockade in mice.  Methods . Mice were intravenously infected with TB and injected with antibodies. Survival was monitored and histological and immunological studies were carried out.  Results . All anti-IL-6R Ab-treated mice and 8 of 10 control mice survived until sacrificed 224 days after TB challenge, whereas anti-TNF- α  Ab-treated mice all died between 120 and 181 days. Anti-IL-6R Ab-treated mice exhibited no significant differences in TB CFU in organs, including the lungs, and no deterioration in histopathology compared to control mice at 4 weeks. In contrast, anti-TNF- α  Ab-treated mice exhibited increased TB CFU and greater progression of histopathological findings in organs than control mice. Spleen cells from anti-TNF- α  Ab-treated mice had decreased antigen-specific response in IFN- γ  release and proliferation assays. The results in anti-IL-6R Ab-treated mice suggest that spleen cell responses were decreased to a lesser degree. Similar results were obtained in IL-6 knockout (KO) mice, compared with TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) KO and TNFR1/IL-6 double KO (DKO) mice.  Conclusion . IL-6R blockade promotes the progression of TB infection in mice far less than TNF- α  blockade.

Anti-IL-6 Receptor Antibody Causes Less Promotion of Tuberculosis Infection than Anti-TNF- Antibody in Mice