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A technique to study femtosecond laser induced structural change inside glasses, the transient lens (TrL) method, is described. Because the TrL method is sensitive to the refractive index change around the photoexcited region, the time dependence of the density, pressure, and temperature changes, which accompany refractive index change, can be monitored over a broad range of timescales. In the picosecond-nanosecond time range, the pressure wave generation was observed as an oscillating TrL signal. By comparing the TrL signal with that calculated based on thermoelastic simulation, the density, pressure, and temperature changes in the photoexcited region can be estimated. In the longer time range (nanoseconds—milliseconds), the thermal diffusion process was observed. By fitting the TrL signal with that simulated based on thermal diffusion, the temporal evolution of the temperature distribution was obtained. Based on these observations, the features of femtosecond laser-induced structural change inside glasses are revealed. The advantages of the TrL method are described.

Elastic and Thermal Dynamics in Femtosecond Laser-Induced Structural Change Inside Glasses Studied by the Transient Lens Method