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Traffic safety applications using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication  is an emerging and promising area within the intelligent  transportation systems (ITS) sphere. Many of these new applications  require real-time communication with high reliability, meaning that  packets must be successfully delivered before a certain deadline.  Applications with early deadlines are expected to require direct V2V  communications, and the only standard currently supporting this is the  upcoming IEEE 802.11p, included in the wireless access in vehicular  environment (WAVE) stack. To meet a real-time deadline, timely and  predictable access to the channel is paramount. However, the medium  access method used in 802.11p, carrier sense multiple access with  collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), does not guarantee channel access  before a finite deadline. In this paper, we analyze the communication  requirements introduced by traffic safety applications, namely, low  delay, reliable, real-time communications. We show by simulation of a  simple, but realistic, highway scenario, that vehicles using CSMA/CA  can experience unacceptable channel access delays and, therefore,  802.11p does not support real-time communications. In addition, we  present a potential remedy for this problem, namely, the use of  self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA). The real-time  properties of STDMA are investigated by means of the same highway  simulation scenario, with promising results

On the Ability of the 802.11p MAC Method and STDMA to Support Real-Time Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication