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Emerging evidence indicates that endogenous production of endothelin (ET)-1, a 21-amino acid peptide vasoconstrictor, plays an important role in proteinuric kidney disease. Previous studies in rats have shown that chronic administration of ET-1 leads to increased glomerular albumin leakage. The underlying mechanisms are, however, currently not known. Here, we used size-exclusion chromatography to measure glomerular sieving coefficients for neutral FITC-Ficoll (molecular Stokes-Einstein radius: 15-80 Å, molecular weight: 70 kDa/400 kDa) in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 12) at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after intravenous administration of ET-1. In separate experiments, ET-1 was given together with the selective ET type A (ET A ) or ET type B (ET B ) receptor antagonists JKC-301 and BQ-788, respectively. At both 15 and 30 min postadministration, the glomerular sieving coefficient for macromolecular Ficoll (70 Å) was significantly increased to 4.4 × 10 -5  ± 0.7 × 10 -5 ( P = 0.024) and 4.5 × 10 -5  ± 0.8 × 10 -5 ( P = 0.007), respectively, compared with baseline (2.2 × 10 -5  ± 0.4 ×10 -5 ). Decreased urine production after ET-1 prevented the use of higher doses of ET-1. Data analysis using the two-pore model indicated changes in large-pore permeability after ET-1, with no changes in the small-pore pathway. Administration of ET A blocker abrogated the permeability changes induced by ET-1 at 30 min, whereas blockade of ET B receptors was ineffective. Mean arterial pressure was only significantly increased at 60 min, being 123 ± 4 mmHg compared with 111 ± 2 mmHg at baseline ( P = 0.02). We conclude that ET-1 evoked small, delayed, and sustained increases in glomerular permeability, mediated via the ET A receptor.

american journal of physiology. renal physiology./american journal of physiology. renal physiology

Sustained, delayed, and small increments in glomerular permeability to macromolecules during systemic ET-1 infusion mediated via the ET<sub>A</sub> receptor

Sustained, delayed, and small increments in glomerular permeability to macromolecules during systemic ET-1 infusion mediated via the ETA receptor

Sustained, delayed, and small increments in glomerular permeability to macromolecules during systemic ET-1 infusion mediated via the ET_A receptor