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To investigate time-dependent changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+  release and myofibrillar (my-) Ca 2+  sensitivity during recovery from prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD), rat gastrocnemius muscles were electrically stimulated in situ. After 0 h (R0), 0.5 h (R0.5), 2 h (R2), 6 h (R6), or 12 h of recovery, the superficial gastrocnemius muscles were excised and used for biochemical and skinned fiber analyses. At R0, R0.5, R2, and R6, the ratio of force at 1 Hz to that at 50 Hz was decreased in the skinned fibers. The ratio of depolarization-induced force to the maximum Ca 2+ -activated force (depol/Ca 2+  force ratio) was utilized as an indicator of SR Ca 2+  release. At R0, both the depol/Ca 2+  force ratio and my-Ca 2+  sensitivity were decreased. At R0.5 and R2, my-Ca 2+  sensitivity was recovered, while the depol/Ca 2+  force ratio remained depressed. At R6, my-Ca 2+  sensitivity was decreased again, whereas the depol/Ca 2+  force ratio was nearly restored. Western blot analyses demonstrated that decreased my-Ca 2+  sensitivity at R6 and reduced depol/Ca 2+  force ratio at R0, R0.5, and R2 were accompanied by depressions in S-glutathionylated troponin I and increases in dephosphorylated ryanodine receptor 1, respectively. These results indicate that, in the early stage of recovery, reduced SR Ca 2+  release plays a primary role in the etiology of PLFFD, whereas decreased my-Ca 2+  sensitivity is involved in the late stage, and suggest that S-glutathionylation of troponin I and dephosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 1 contribute, at least partly, to fatiguing contraction-induced alterations in my-Ca 2+  sensitivity and SR Ca 2+  release, respectively.

american journal of physiology. regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology/american journal of physiology. regulatory, integrative, and comparative physiology

Predominant cause of prolonged low-frequency force depression changes during recovery after in situ fatiguing stimulation of rat fast-twitch muscle