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The chemical structure of cobalt--polypyrrole -- produced by a dual plasmaprocess -- is analysed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nearedge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) and extended x-ray absorptionspectroscopy (EXAFS).It is shown that only nanoparticles of a size of 3\,nmwith the low temperature crystal structure of cobalt are present within thecompound. Besides that, cobalt--nitrogen and carbon--oxygen structures areobserved. Furthermore, more and more cobalt--nitrogen structures are producedwhen increasing the magnetron power. Linking the information on the chemicalstructure to the results about the catalytic activity of the films -- which arepresented in part I of this contribution -- it is concluded that thecobalt--nitrogen structures are the probable catalytically active sites. Thecobalt--nitrogen bond length is calculated as 2.09\,\AA\ and thecarbon--nitrogen bond length as 1.38\,\AA.

journal of the electrochemical society

Using a dual plasma process to produce cobalt--polypyrrole catalysts for  the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells -- part II: analysing the  chemical structure of the films