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and batteries.2-4 This study has focused on the application of the Nafion range of cation-exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells ~PEMFCs!. In the PEMFC the proton conductivity of the mem- brane is particularly important since it plays a significant role in controlling the performance of the fuel cell. 5,6 Higher levels of pro- ton conductivity allow much higher power densities to be achieved. This is particularly important for automotive applications of PEM- FCs. The two common strategies to improve the conductivity of the membrane are to raise the specific conductivity and to reduce the thickness. There is, however, a practical limit on the thickness since, much below 25 mm, mixing of the hydrogen and air ~or oxygen! reactant gasses due to crossover through the ion-exchange material is too high for pure Nafion membranes and there is a loss of effi- ciency. Reducing the membrane thickness also increases the risks with respect to mechanical properties such as strength, raising con- cerns regarding the durability and ease of handling of the

Ionic Conductivity of an Extruded Nafion 1100 EW Series of Membranes