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With ever-improving driver assistance systems and large touchscreens becomingthe main in-vehicle interface, drivers are more tempted than ever to engage indistracting non-driving-related tasks. However, little research exists on howdriving automation affects drivers' self-regulation when interacting withcenter stack touchscreens. To investigate this, we employ multilevel models ona real-world driving dataset consisting of 10,139 sequences. Our results showsignificant differences in drivers' interaction and glance behavior in responseto varying levels of driving automation, vehicle speed, and road curvature.During partially automated driving, drivers are not only more likely to engagein secondary touchscreen tasks, but their mean glance duration toward thetouchscreen also increases by 12% (Level 1) and 20% (Level 2) compared tomanual driving. We further show that the effect of driving automation ondrivers' self-regulation is larger than that of vehicle speed and roadcurvature. The derived knowledge can facilitate the safety evaluation ofinfotainment systems and the development of context-aware driver monitoringsystems.

How Do Drivers Self-Regulate their Secondary Task Engagements? The Effect of Driving Automation on Touchscreen Interactions and Glance Behavior