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Pull-based development has enabled numerous volunteers to contribute toopen-source projects with fewer barriers. Nevertheless, a considerable amountof pull requests (PRs) with valid contributions are abandoned by theircontributors, wasting the effort and time put in by both the contributors andmaintainers. To better understand the underlying dynamics ofcontributor-abandoned PRs, we conduct a mixed-methods study using bothquantitative and qualitative methods. We curate a dataset consisting of 265,325PRs including 4,450 abandoned ones from ten popular and mature GitHub projectsand measure 16 features characterizing PRs, contributors, review processes, andprojects. Using statistical and machine learning techniques, we find thatcomplex PRs, novice contributors, and lengthy reviews have a higher probabilityof abandonment and the rate of PR abandonment fluctuates alongside theprojects' maturity or workload. To identify why contributors abandon their PRs,we also manually examine a random sample of 354 abandoned PRs. We observe thatthe most frequent abandonment reasons are related to the obstacles faced bycontributors, followed by the hurdles imposed by maintainers during the reviewprocess. Finally, we survey the top core maintainers of the studied projects tounderstand their perspectives on dealing with PR abandonment and on ourfindings.

On Wasted Contributions: Understanding the Dynamics of Contributor-Abandoned Pull Requests