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Critical examinations of AI systems often apply principles such as fairness,justice, accountability, and safety, which is reflected in AI regulations suchas the EU AI Act. Are such principles sufficient to promote the design ofsystems that support human flourishing? Even if a system is in some sense fair,just, or 'safe', it can nonetheless be exploitative, coercive, inconvenient, orotherwise conflict with cultural, individual, or social values. This paperproposes a dimension of interactional ethics thus far overlooked: the ways AIsystems should treat human beings. For this purpose, we explore thephilosophical concept of respect: if respect is something everyone needs anddeserves, shouldn't technology aim to be respectful? Despite its intuitivesimplicity, respect in philosophy is a complex concept with many disparatesenses. Like fairness or justice, respect can characterise how people deserveto be treated; but rather than relating primarily to the distribution ofbenefits or punishments, respect relates to how people regard one another, andhow this translates to perception, treatment, and behaviour. We explore respectbroadly across several literatures, synthesising perspectives on respect fromKantian, post-Kantian, dramaturgical, and agential realist design perspectiveswith a goal of drawing together a view of what respect could mean for AI. In sodoing, we identify ways that respect may guide us towards more sociableartefacts that ethically and inclusively honour and recognise humans using therich social language that we have evolved to interact with one another everyday.

Respect as a Lens for the Design of AI Systems