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Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) audiences have long complained about captionqualities for many online videos created by individual content creators onvideo-sharing platforms (e.g., YouTube). However, there lack explorations ofpractices, challenges, and perceptions of online video captions from theperspectives of both individual content creators and DHH audiences. In thiswork, we first explore DHH audiences' feedback on and reactions to YouTubevideo captions through interviews with 13 DHH individuals, and uncover DHHaudiences' experiences, challenges, and perceptions on watching videos createdby individual content creators (e.g., manually added caption tags could createadditional confidence and trust in caption qualities for DHH audiences). Wethen discover individual content creators' practices, challenges, andperceptions on captioning their videos (e.g., back-captioning problems) byconducting a YouTube video analysis with 189 captioning-related YouTube videos,followed by a survey with 62 individual content creators. Overall, our findingsprovide an in-depth understanding of captions generated by individual contentcreators and bridge the knowledge gap mutually between content creators and DHHaudiences on captions.

An Exploration of Captioning Practices and Challenges of Individual Content Creators on YouTube for People with Hearing Impairments