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Graphically-rich applications such as games are ubiquitous with attractivevisual effects of Graphical User Interface (GUI) that offers a bridge betweensoftware applications and end-users. However, various types of graphicalglitches may arise from such GUI complexity and have become one of the maincomponent of software compatibility issues. Our study on bug reports from gamedevelopment teams in NetEase Inc. indicates that graphical glitches frequentlyoccur during the GUI rendering and severely degrade the quality ofgraphically-rich applications such as video games. Existing automated testingtechniques for such applications focus mainly on generating various GUI testsequences and check whether the test sequences can cause crashes. Thesetechniques require constant human attention to captures non-crashing bugs suchas bugs causing graphical glitches. In this paper, we present the first step inautomating the test oracle for detecting non-crashing bugs in graphically-richapplications. Specifically, we propose \texttt{GLIB} based on a code-based dataaugmentation technique to detect game GUI glitches. We perform an evaluation of\texttt{GLIB} on 20 real-world game apps (with bug reports available) and theresult shows that \texttt{GLIB} can achieve 100\% precision and 99.5\% recallin detecting non-crashing bugs such as game GUI glitches. Practical applicationof \texttt{GLIB} on another 14 real-world games (without bug reports) furtherdemonstrates that \texttt{GLIB} can effectively uncover GUI glitches, with 48of 53 bugs reported by \texttt{GLIB} having been confirmed and fixed so far.

GLIB: Towards Automated Test Oracle for Graphically-Rich Applications