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In this article, we tackle the problem of standard interoperability acrossdifferent standardization frameworks, and devise a knowledge-driven approachthat allows for the description of standards and standardization frameworksinto an Industry 4.0 knowledge graph (I40KG). The STO ontology representsproperties of standards and standardization frameworks, as well asrelationships among them. The I40KG integrates more than 200 standards and fourstandardization frameworks. To populate the I40KG, the landscape of standardshas been analyzed from a semantic perspective and the resulting I40KGrepresents knowledge expressed in more than 200 industrial related documentsincluding technical reports, research articles, and white papers. Additionally,the I40KG has been linked to existing knowledge graphs and an automatedreasoning has been implemented to reveal implicit relations between standardsas well as mappings across standardization frameworks. We analyze both thenumber of discovered relations between standards and the accuracy of theserelations. Observed results indicate that both reasoning and linking processesenable for increasing the connectivity in the knowledge graph by up to 80%,whilst up to 96% of the relations can be validated. These outcomes suggest thatintegrating standards and standardization frameworks into the I40KG enables theresolution of semantic interoperability conflicts, empowering the communicationin smart factories.

Analyzing a Knowledge Graph of Industry4.0 Standards