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In the attention economy, video apps employ design mechanisms like autoplaythat exploit psychological vulnerabilities to maximize watch time.Consequently, many people feel a lack of agency over their app use, which islinked to negative life effects such as loss of sleep. Prior design researchhas innovated external mechanisms that police multiple apps, such as lockouttimers. In this work, we shift the focus to how the internal mechanisms of anapp can support user agency, taking the popular YouTube mobile app as a testcase. From a survey of 120 U.S. users, we find that autoplay andrecommendations primarily undermine sense of agency, while search and playlistssupport it. From 13 co-design sessions, we find that when users have a specificintention for how they want to use YouTube they prefer interfaces that supportgreater agency. We discuss implications for how designers can help usersreclaim a sense of agency over their media use.

How the Design of YouTube Influences User Sense of Agency