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We present LibrettOS, an OS design that fuses two paradigms to simultaneouslyaddress issues of isolation, performance, compatibility, failurerecoverability, and run-time upgrades. LibrettOS acts as a microkernel OS thatruns servers in an isolated manner. LibrettOS can also act as a library OSwhen, for better performance, selected applications are granted exclusiveaccess to virtual hardware resources such as storage and networking.Furthermore, applications can switch between the two OS modes with nointerruption at run-time. LibrettOS has a uniquely distinguishing advantage inthat, the two paradigms seamlessly coexist in the same OS, enabling users tosimultaneously exploit their respective strengths (i.e., greater isolation,high performance). Systems code, such as device drivers, network stacks, andfile systems remain identical in the two modes, enabling dynamic mode switchingand reducing development and maintenance costs.  To illustrate these design principles, we implemented a prototype ofLibrettOS using rump kernels, allowing us to reuse existent, hardened NetBSDdevice drivers and a large ecosystem of POSIX/BSD-compatible applications. Weuse hardware (VM) virtualization to strongly isolate different rump kernelinstances from each other. Because the original rumprun unikernel targeted amuch simpler model for uniprocessor systems, we redesigned it to supportmulticore systems. Unlike kernel-bypass libraries such as DPDK, applicationsneed not be modified to benefit from direct hardware access. LibrettOS alsosupports indirect access through a network server that we have developed.Applications remain uninterrupted even when network components fail or need tobe upgraded. Finally, to efficiently use hardware resources, applications candynamically switch between the indirect and direct modes based on their I/Oload at run-time.  [full abstract is in the paper]

LibrettOS: A Dynamically Adaptable Multiserver-Library OS