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This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of In-N-Out, asoftware-hardware solution for far-field wireless power transfer. In-N-Out cancontinuously charge a medical implant residing in deep tissues at near-optimalbeamforming power, even when the implant moves around inside the human body. Toaccomplish this, we exploit the unique energy ball pattern of distributedantenna array and devise a backscatter-assisted beamforming algorithm that canconcentrate RF energy on a tiny spot surrounding the medical implant.Meanwhile, the power levels on other body parts stay in low level, reducing therisk of overheating. We prototype In-N-Out on 21 software-defined radios and aprinted circuit board (PCB). Extensive experiments demonstrate that In-N-Outachieves 0.37~mW average charging power inside a 10~cm-thick pork belly, whichis sufficient to wirelessly power a range of commercial medical devices. Ourhead-to-head comparison with the state-of-the-art approach shows that In-N-Outachieves 5.4$\times$--18.1$\times$ power gain when the implant is stationary,and 5.3$\times$--7.4$\times$ power gain when the implant is in motion.

Towards Flexible Wireless Charging for Medical Implants Using Distributed Antenna System