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Software engineering bots - automated tools that handle tedious tasks - areincreasingly used by industrial and open source projects to improve developerproductivity. Current research in this area is held back by a lack of consensusof what software engineering bots (DevBots) actually are, what characteristicsdistinguish them from other tools, and what benefits and challenges areassociated with DevBot usage. In this paper we report on a mixed-methodempirical study of DevBot usage in industrial practice. We report on findingsfrom interviewing 21 and surveying a total of 111 developers. We identify threedifferent personas among DevBot users (focusing on autonomy, chat interfaces,and "smartness"), each with different definitions of what a DevBot is, whydevelopers use them, and what they struggle with. We conclude that futureDevBot research should situate their work within our framework, to clearlyidentify what type of bot the work targets, and what advantages practitionerscan expect. Further, we find that there currently is a lack of general purpose"smart" bots that go beyond simple automation tools or chat interfaces. This isproblematic, as we have seen that such bots, if available, can have atransformative effect on the projects that use them.

An Empirical Study of Bots in Software Development -- Characteristics and Challenges from a Practitioner's Perspective