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In this paper we present a simple, stochastic-geometric model of a wirelessaccess network exploiting the LoRA (Long Range) protocol, which is anon-expensive technology allowing for long-range, single-hop connectivity forthe Internet of Things. We assume a space-time Poisson model of packetstransmitted by LoRA nodes to a fixed base station. Following previous studiesof the impact of interference, we assume that a given packet is successfullyreceived when no interfering packet arrives with similar power before the givenpacket payload phase. This is as a consequence of LoRa using differenttransmission rates for different link budgets (transmissions with smallerreceived powers use larger spreading factors) and LoRa intra-technologyinterference treatment. Using our model, we study the scaling of the packetreception probabilities per link budget as a function of the spatial density ofnodes and their rate of transmissions. We consider both the parameter valuesrecommended by the LoRa provider, as well as proposing LoRa tuning to improvethe equality of performance for all link budgets. We also consider spatiallynon-homogeneous distributions of LoRa nodes. We show also how a fair comparisonto non-slotted Aloha can be made within the same framework.

Analyzing LoRa long-range, low-power, wide-area networks using stochastic geometry