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Professional sports constitute an important part of people's modern life.People spend substantial amounts of time and money supporting their favoriteplayers and teams, and sometimes even riot after games. However, how teamperformance affects fan behavior remains understudied at a large scale. Asalmost every notable professional team has its own online fan community, thesecommunities provide great opportunities for investigating this researchquestion. In this work, we provide the first large-scale characterization ofonline fan communities of professional sports teams.  Since user behavior in these online fan communities is inherently connectedto game events and team performance, we construct a unique dataset thatcombines 1.5M posts and 43M comments in NBA-related communities on Reddit withstatistics that document team performance in the NBA. We analyze the impact ofteam performance on fan behavior both at the game level and the season level.First, we study how team performance in a game relates to user activity duringthat game. We find that surprise plays an important role: the fans of the topteams are more active when their teams lose and so are the fans of the bottomteams in an unexpected win. Second, we study fan behavior over consecutiveseasons and show that strong team performance is associated with fans of lowloyalty, likely due to "bandwagon fans." Fans of the bottom teams tend todiscuss their team's future such as young talents in the roster, which may helpthem stay optimistic during adversity. Our results not only contribute tounderstanding the interplay between online sports communities and offlinecontext but also provide significant insights into sports management.

"This is why we play": Characterizing Online Fan Communities of the NBA Teams