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This study takes advantage of Error Related Potentials, a certain type of neurophysiological event associated with humans' ability to observe and recognize erroneous actions, in order to improve SSVEP-based Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). The Error Related Potentials serve as a passive correction mechanism that originates directly from the user's brain. In this paper we propose a novel approach to spatial filtering, based on a supervised variant of Collaborative Representation Projections (CRP) offering a more discriminant representation of electroencephalography signals for detecting Error Related Potentials. This new approach enhances the detectability of Error Related Potentials by projecting the spatial information of signals into a new space where samples of the same class tend to form local neighborhoods. Moreover, the limitations under which the Error Related Potentials positively contribute to the performance of a SSVEP-based BCI are explored. For this reason we also provide a new methodology, namely Inverse Correct Response Time (ICRT), that reliably captures the trade-off, between the gain of the automated error detection and the induced time delay of a BCI system that potentially incorporates Error Related Potentials.

A Collaborative Representation Approach to Detecting Error-Related Potentials in SSVEP-BCIs