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High directivity of 60 GHz links introduces new link training and adaptation challenges due to both client and environmental mobility. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate MOCA, a protocol for Mobility resilience and Overhead Constrained Adaptation for directional 60 GHz links. Since mobility-induced link blockage and misalignment cannot be countered with data rate adaptation alone, we introduce Beam Sounding as a mechanism invoked before each data transmission to estimate the link quality for selected beams, and identify and adapt to link impairments. We devise proactive techniques to restore broken directional links with low overhead and design a mechanism to jointly adapt beamwidth and data rate, targeting throughput maximization that incorporates data rate, overhead for beam alignment, and mobility resilience. We implement a programmable node and testbed using software defined radios with commercial 60 GHz transceivers, and conduct an extensive over-the-air measurement study to collect channel traces for various environments. Based on trace based emulations and the IEEE 802.11ad channel model, we evaluate MOCA under a variety of propagation environments and mobility scenarios. Our experiments show that MOCA achieves up to 2x throughput gains compared to a baseline WLAN scheme in a diverse set of operational conditions.

Mobility resilience and overhead constrained adaptation in directional 60 GHz WLANs