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a vision defect caused by a distorted retina in one or both eyes. Affected patients perceive this condition as a dynamic distortion in the geometry of their environment. Metamorphopsia transforms the patient's world into a perpetual Escher-like environment. Mild horizontal distortions produce binocular depth perception errors as evident in the attached figure. More severe horizontal distortions as well as vertical distortions cause ghosting or frank double vision. The patient finds navigating stairs or non-uniform topologies a challenge. Sudden onset of the distortion causes the greatest difficulties, whereas if the distortion develops more slowly, there may be some adaptation to the sensory input such that the patient may not even realize that a visual defect exists. A tool to document metamorphopsia has been developed as part of the Multi-Axis Vision Evaluation System (MAVES). With distortion data derived from testing a patient with MAVES, the 3D environment can be reconstructed from the patient's point of view. This process involves projection of the 3D dataset onto each binocular 2D retinal plane. The planar data are perturbed by the documented distortions, and two 3D datasets are reconstructed. Visualization of the reconstructed datasets allows a third party, such as the ophthal-mologist or family member, to observe the perturbations the patient sees. The MAVES testing apparatus consists of a 21-inch video monitor and PC, a chin-rest to fix the patient's head, an interaction control pad, and fixation monitoring via an infrared pupil tracker. The metamorphopsia analysis program presents 5x5 regular spline grid with random perturbations overlaid on a cross, which the patient fixates at its center. The display grid dims if the pupil tracker detects a fixation deviation. The patient is instructed to remove the distortions from the grid until all of the lines appear straight and uniform. This is accomplished by manipulating over the grid using buttons on the control pad and adjusting the deviation of the lines using a joystick. The resulting grid objectively documents the macu-lar distortions. The distortion data from the resultant grid may be applied to a flat, 2D image. The distortion maps the image from the world image space to the patient's image space. An image with the distortion applied will appear geometrically correct when presented to the patient. The inverse distortion maps the image from the patient's image space to the world image space. An image with the inverse distortion applied is representative of the patient's monocular vision aberration …

The analysis and visualization of metamorphosis through 3D scene regeneration