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Coroutines and events are two common abstractions for writing concurrentprograms. Because coroutines are often more convenient, but events moreportable and efficient, it is natural to want to translate the former into thelatter. CPC is such a source-to-source translator for C programs, based on apartial conversion into continuation-passing style (CPS conversion) offunctions annotated as cooperative.  In this article, we study the application of the CPC translator to QEMU, anopen-source machine emulator which also uses annotated coroutine functions forconcurrency. We first propose a new type of annotations to identify functionswhich never cooperate, and we introduce CoroCheck, a tool for the staticanalysis and inference of cooperation annotations. Then, we improve the CPCtranslator, defining CPS conversion as a calling convention for the C language,with support for indirect calls to CPS-converted function through functionpointers. Finally, we apply CoroCheck and CPC to QEMU (750 000 lines of Ccode), fixing hundreds of missing annotations and comparing performance of thetranslated code with existing implementations of coroutines in QEMU.  Our work shows the importance of static annotation checking to prevent actualconcurrency bugs, and demonstrates that CPS conversion is a flexible, portable,and efficient compilation technique, even for very large programs written in animperative language.

QEMU/CPC: Static Analysis and CPS Conversion for Safe, Portable, and Efficient Coroutines