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n This article prevides an overvlew of the National Spatial Data InfrasbMure (NSDI), the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), and the roles, responsibilities, and activities related to standards within the NSDI and the FGDC. Federal agencies have been assigned responsibility to develop standards to htdher the development of the NSDI. ldentlfylng needed standards and the best approaches to developing them and promul@atIn@ their use are areas of si@ntfIcant debate. The FGDC has established several subcommtttees and workIn@ @roups to facilitate these activities, but questions about who provides resources, who actually develops and Implements standards, what standards are critical, how to develop the most useful standards, and how to encourage the use of standards are unresolved. he recent rapid spread and gro\vlng soph~ tication of technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) for managing and using geographic information, have led to dramatic increases in the demand for digital geospatial data. Geospatial data can he defined as any information referenced to the Earth that describes the location (e.g., coordinates) or characteristics of that location. The spread of GIS technologies has been especially noticeable within govemment agencies. The distribution of GIS tools has also fostered an environment where digital geospatial data can be created by almost anyone, rather than being within the purview of a few centralized government agencies. This situation is resulting in a multitude of data sets, many of which are difficult to locate, and which, when found, may not be usable because of unknown or unacceptable quality. The concept of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has gained favor recently as a vision that could bring some much needed organization to the current geospatial data morass. The NSDI is conceived as an umbrella of technologies, policies, standards, individuals, and organizations that contribute to the collection, management, distribution, and use of geospatial data [Federal Geographic Data Committee 19941. Current activities within the NSDI include development of a geospatial data clearinghouse to facilitate finding and gaining access to data; numerous partnership activities to coordinate production, management, and use of geospatial data among all levels of government and the private sector; development of a plan for building a digital geospatial framework data set as a foundation for additional collection and analysis of geospatial data; and a variety of standards efforts to facilitate the collection, transfer, and use of geospatial data. The feasibility of developing the NSDI has increased steadily over the last several years as geospatial data computing and telecommunications networks have become more pervasive.

Standards to support the national spatial data infrastructure