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The Mediterranean basin is an important area of the Earth for studying the interplay\udbetween geodynamic processes and landscape evolution affected by tectonic, glacio-hydro-isostatic\udand eustatic factors. We focus on determining vertical deformations and relative sea-level\udchange of the coastal zone utilizing geological, archaeological, historical and instrumental data,\udand modelling. For deformation determinations on recent decadal to centennial time scales, seismic\udstrain analysis based on about 6000 focal mechanisms, surface deformation analysis based\udon some 850 continuous GPS stations, and 57 tide gauge records were used. Utilizing data from\udtectonically stable areas, reference surfaces were established to separate tectonic and climate\ud(eustatic) signals throughout the basin for the last 20 000 years. Predominant Holocene subsidence\ud(west coast of Italy, northern Adriatic sea, most of Greece and Turkey are areas at risk of flooding\udowing to relative sea-level rise), uplift (local areas in southwestern Italy and southern Greece) or\udstability (northwestern and central western Mediterranean and Levant area) were determined.\udSuperimposed on the long trends, the coasts are also impacted by sudden extreme events such\udas recurring large storms and numerous, but unpredictable tsunamis caused by the high seismicity\udof parts of the basins

Coastal structure, sea-level changes and vertical motion of the land in the Mediterranean