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The macroseismic intensity of the 18 October 1992 Murindo-Atrato earthquake that\udaffected the northwestern states of Colombia (Choco´ and Antioquia) is reassessed using the\udnewly developed INQUA Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI 2007) which is based on\udthe evaluation of earthquake environmental effects. To generate the ESI 2007 isoseismal map of\udnorthwestern Colombia, a geographical information system was used. Unifying the available\udinformation on the seismological and active tectonics framework including historical seismicity,\udhypocentral depths, foreshocks, aftershocks, focal mechanism, macroseismic data under the\udsame GIS and the map of Quaternary faults allowed us to reinterpret the geological and environmental\udeffects of the 1992 earthquakes sequence. A total of 24 sites from the areas of Quibdo´ ,\udBojaya´, Rio Sucio, Murindo, Vigı´a del Fuerte and Turbo were evaluated. A systematic comparison\udamong evaluated intensities (Modified Mercalli and ESI scale) revealed differences from one to\udtwo degrees. According to the ESI 2007 scale, the epicentral intensity Io is XI. This represents\udone degree higher than the epicentral intensity obtained using MM and Medveded Sponhauer\udKarnik (MSK) intensity scales, probably due to the lack of suitable observations on building\uddamage in this poorly populated and developed region. This information is also useful in order\udto shed some light on the persistent question of the exact location and dimension of the main\udrupture zone associated with the earthquake. The isoseismal map derived from the integration of\udthe whole set of environmental effects with other macroseismic data strongly suggests that the causative\udtectonic structure is the Murindo fault. However, the rupture length derived from the distribution\udof ground effects is greater than the Murindo fault length, implying that other nearby fault\udsegments were activated during the 1992 event. The new isoseismal map resulting from this work is\udrelevant for the assessment of future seismic risk in the northwestern region of Colombia. Overall,\udthe application of the ESI 2007 scale to the 18 October 1992 earthquake, and to similar strong\udevents in the region, can be useful for disaster management and planning, estimation of damage,\udand post-earthquake recovery efforts

geological society london special publications

Ground effects of the 18 October 1992, Murindo earthquake (NW Colombia), using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI 2007) for the assessment of intensity