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As a progenitor of NHE (Non High Energy) GRBs (Gamma Ray Bursts), we propose a (C+O) star and a neutron star (black hole) close binary system with separation ∼ 0.2 R⊙. Since the (C+O) star is tidally locked, the collapsing core should have a spin angular momentum ∼ 6 ×1048cgs so that a new born pulsar should be a milli-second pulsar(MSP) (P ∼1ms).  − dynamo in the first 10s after the bounce of the core will generate a superstrong magnetic field (B ∼ 1016G). The beam of the energy from the super strongly magnetized milli-second pulsar(SSM-MSP) can punch a hole in the supernova ejecta . Then the beam of gamma rays flows out of the ejecta for ∼ 10s with the total energy up to ∼ 2 ×1051erg. If we observe this beam from the lateral direction, the energy of gamma rays should be smaller than 500keV due to the electron scattering and the total energy of gamma rays should be much smaller than ∼ 2 ×1051erg, which is the very characteris- tics of NHE-GRBs. In SSM-MSP model of NHE-GRB, GRB event should be associated with Type Ib/Ic supernova like GRB980425/SN1998bw. If SSM-MSP is produced in a fraction (∼ a few % ) of Type Ib/Ic supernovae, the event rate as well as the isotropic and homogeneous distribution of NHE-GRBs are also explained. In this model the pulsar with the spin period P ∼ 1.4s(B/1016)(t/4month)1/2 should exist in SN1998bw so that the searches for this pulsar in all the wave length are urgent. SSM-MSPs can accelerate protons up to ∼ 3 × 1022(P/1ms)−2(B/1016G)eV. If a few % (∼ 1050erg) of the beam energy of SSM-MSP in NHE-GRB event (> 5 × 1051erg) is in the form of high energy protons of energy ∼ 1020eV, the flux of the observed UHECRs(Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays) can be explained. Then along the direction of each UHECR, a supernova remnant should be found. As a natural consequence of our model, it is suggested that NHE-GRB is the progenitor of the soft gamma ray repeater which has also the superstrong magnetic field(B ∼ 1015G) and is in the supernova remnant.

progress of theoretical physics

A Model for Non High Energy Gamma Ray Bursts and Sources of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Super Strongly Magnetized Milli-Second Pulsar Formed from a (C+O) Star and a Neutron Star (Black Hole) Close Binary System