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Low-energy rattling modes and their effects on superconductivity are studiedin the cage compound GaxV2Al20. A series of polycrystalline samples of 0 < x =<0.6 are examined through resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heatcapacity measurements. A weak-coupling BCS superconductivity is observed belowTc = 1.4-1.7 K for all the samples. For small Ga contents below 0.20,approximately 30% of the cages are occupied by rattling Al atoms having anEinstein temperature TE of 23 K, probably with most Ga atoms substituting forthe cage-forming Al atoms. For higher Ga contents, approximately 0.05 Ga and0.25-0.35 Al atoms coexist statistically inside the cages and behave asrattlers with TE ~ 8 and 23 K, respectively. A significant effect of Garattling on the superconductivity is clearly evidenced by the observation of asharp rise in Tc by 8% at x = 0.20 when 0.05 Ga atoms are introduced into thecase. Probably, the electron-phonon interaction is significantly enhanced by anadditional contribution to the phonon density of states from the extremely lowenergy rattling modes of Ga atoms. In addition, a large softening of theacoustic modes is observed for x => 0.20, suggesting that the cage itselfbecomes anomalously soft in the presence of low-energy Ga rattling modes.

Rattling and Superconducting Properties of the Cage Compound GaxV2Al20