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The vibration of the dimer excited by STM current on Si(001) surface isinvestigated. We describe this system by the Hamiltonian which has theelectron-vibration coupling term as the key ingredient. In order tocharacterize the transition rates induced by STM current between vibrationalstates we have introduced the effective temperature of the vibration whichdiffers from the temperature of the substrate. The behavior of the effectivetemperature depends on the substrate temperature and STM current in highlynonlinear manner and qualitatively changes around 50K of the substratetemperature. At lower temperatures, the effective temperature strongly deviatesfrom the substrate temperature and reaches a few hundred Kelvin for the typicalvalues of STM current. At higher substrate temperatures, the effectivetemperature reduces to the substrate temperature. On the basis of thesebehaviors of the effective temperature, we solve the puzzle of thesymmetric-asymmetric crossover in dimer images of STM observation in theordered state of c(4 x 2)

Vibration of the Dimer on Si(001) Surface Excited by STM Current