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We developed a one-way quantum key distribution (QKD) system based upon aplanar lightwave circuit (PLC) interferometer. This interferometer is expectedto be free from the backscattering inherent in commercially available two-wayQKD systems and phase drift without active compensation. A key distributionexperiment with spools of standard telecom fiber showed that the bit error ratewas as low as 6% for a 100-km key distribution using an attenuated laser pulsewith a mean photon number of 0.1 and was determined solely by the detectornoise. This clearly demonstrates the advantages of our PLC-based one-way QKDsystem over two-way QKD systems for long distance key distribution.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

One-Way Quantum Key Distribution System Based on Planar Lightwave Circuits