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Measuring culture and its dynamics through surveys has important limitations,but the emerging field of computational social science allows us to overcomethem by analyzing large-scale datasets. In this article, we study culturaldynamics through the votes in the Eurovision song contest, which are decided bya crowd-based scheme in which viewers vote through mobile phone messages.Taking into account asymmetries and imperfect perception of culture, we measurecultural relations among European countries in terms of cultural affinity. Wepropose the Friend-or-Foe coefficient, a metric to measure voting biases amongparticipants of a Eurovision contest. We validate how this metric representscultural affinity through its relation with known cultural distances, andthrough numerical analysis of biased Eurovision contests. We apply this metricto the historical set of Eurovision contests from 1975 to 2012, finding newpatterns of stronger modularity than using votes alone. Furthermore, we definea measure of polarization that, when applied to empirical data, shows a sharpincrease within EU countries during 2010 and 2011. We empirically validate therelation between this polarization and economic indicators in the EU, showinghow political decisions influence both the economy and the way citizens relateto the culture of other EU members.

Measuring Cultural Dynamics Through the Eurovision Song Contest