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Classical ways of cooling require some of these elements: phase transition,compressor, non-linearity, valve, and/or switch. A recent example is the 2018patent of Linear Technology Corporation; they utilize the shot noise of a diodeto produce a standalone nonlinear resistor that has T/2 noise temperature(about 150 Kelvin). While such "resistor" can cool its environment when it isAC coupled to a resistor, the thermally cooling effect is only academicallyinteresting. The importance of the invention is of another nature: In low-noiseelectronics, it is essential to have resistors with low noise temperature toimprove the signal-to-noise ratio. A natural question is raised: can we use alinear system with feedback to cool and, most importantly, to show reducednoise temperature? Exploring this problem, were able to produce standalonelinear resistors showing strongly reduced thermal noise. Our must successfultest shows T/100 (about 3 Kelvin) noise temperature, as if the resistor wouldhave been immersed in liquid helium. We also found that there is an oldsolution offering similar results utilizing the virtual ground of an invertingamplifier at negative feedback. There the "cold" resistor is generated at theinput of an amplifier. On the other hand, our system generates the "cold"resistance at the output, which can have practical advantages.

Does a standalone, "cold" (low-thermal-noise), linear resistor exist without cooling?