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We define Homotopy quantum field theories (HQFT) as Topological quantum field theories (TQFT) for manifolds endowed with extra structure in the form of a map into some background space X. We also build the category of homotopy cobordisms HCobord(n, X) such that an HQFT is a functor from this category into a category of linear spaces. We then derive some very general properties of HCobord(n, X), including the fact that it only depends on the (n + 1)-homotopy type of X. We also prove that an HQFT with target space X and in dimension n + 1 implies the existence of geometrical structures in X; in particular, flat gerbes make their appearance. We give a complete characterization of HCobord(n, X) for n = 1 (or the 1 + 1 case) and X the Eilenberg-Maclane space K(G, 2). In the final section we derive state sum models for these HQFT's.

HOMOTOPY QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES AND THE HOMOTOPY COBORDISM CATEGORY IN DIMENSION 1 + 1