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This paper investigates the dynamics of immune response and autoimmunity withparticular emphasis on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cells withdifferent activation thresholds, and cytokines in mediating T cell activity.Analysis of the steady states yields parameter regions corresponding to regimesof normal clearance of viral infection, chronic infection, or autoimmunebehaviour, and the boundaries of stability and bifurcations of relevant steadystates are found in terms of system parameters. Numerical simulations areperformed to illustrate different dynamical scenarios, and to identify basinsof attraction of different steady states and periodic solutions, highlightingthe important role played by the initial conditions in determining the outcomeof immune interactions.

Bifurcations and multi-stability in a model of cytokine-mediated autoimmunity