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In recent years, electrical spin injection and detection has grown into alively area of research in the field of spintronics. Spin injection into aparamagnetic material is usually achieved by means of a ferromagnetic source,whereas the induced spin accumulation or associated spin currents are detectedby means of a second ferromagnet or the reciprocal spin Hall effect,respectively. This article reviews the current status of this subject,describing both recent progress and well-established results. The emphasis ison experimental techniques and accomplishments that brought about importantadvances in spin phenomena and possible technological applications. Theseadvances include, amongst others, the characterization of spin diffusion andprecession in a variety of materials, such as metals, semiconductors andgraphene, the determination of the spin polarization of tunneling electrons asa function of the bias voltage, and the implementation of magnetizationreversal in nanoscale ferromagnetic particles with pure spin currents.

Nonlocal Electronic Spin Detection, Spin Accumulation and the Spin Hall effect