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As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the ideaof grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color.Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that theexisting $SU(2)\times U(1)$ symmetry be extended minimally to the quark-leptonand left-right symmetric non-Abelian gauge structure $G(2,2,4) = SU(2)_L\timesSU(2)_R\times SU(4)$-color. This unified members of a family within a singleL-R self-conjugate multiplet. It also explained: the quantization of electriccharge, the co-existence of quarks and leptons, and that of their three forces,while providing the appealing possibility that nature is fundamentallyleft-right symmetric. The minimal extension of $G(2,2,4)$ to a simple group isgiven by the symmetry $SO(10)$ that came a year later. The advantages of thecore symmetry $G(2,2,4)$, including those listed above (which are of courseretained by $SO(10)$), are noted. These include the introductions of: (i){ \itthe right-handed neutrino as a compelling member of each family}, (ii) (B-L) asa local symmetry, and (iii) the relation $ m(\nu^\tau)_{Dirac} = m_{top}$.These three features, as well as the gauge coupling unification scale, arecrucially needed to understand the tiny mass-scales of the neutrinooscillations within the seesaw mechanism, and to implement successfully themechanism of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. Implications of a well-motivatedclass of models based on supersymmetric $SO(10)$ or a string-unified $G(2,2,4)$symmetry in 4D for (a) gauge coupling unification, (b) fermion masses andmixings, (c) neutrino osillations, (d) baryogenesis via leptogenesis, and lastbut not least (e) proton decay are presented. Recent works on the latterproviding upper limits on proton lifetimes suggest that the potential fordiscovery of proton decay in the next-generation detectors would be high.

Advantages of Unity With SU(4)-Color: Reflections Through Neutrino Oscillations, Baryogenesis and Proton Decay