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Novel processes probing the decay of nucleus after removal of a nucleon withmomentum larger than Fermi momentum by hard probes finally proved unambiguouslythe evidence for long sought presence of short-range correlations (SRCs) innuclei. In combination with the analysis of large $Q^2$, A(e,e')X processes at$x>1$ they allow us to conclude that (i) practically all nucleons with momenta$\ge$ 300 MeV/c belong to SRCs, consisting mostly of two nucleons, ii)probability of such SRCs in medium and heavy nuclei is $\sim 25%$, iii) a fastremoval of such nucleon practically always leads to emission of correlatednucleon with approximately opposite momentum, iv) proton removal fromtwo-nucleon SRCs in 90% of cases is accompanied by a removal of a neutron andonly in 10% by a removal of another proton. We explain that observed absoluteprobabilities and the isospin structure of two nucleon SRCs confirm theimportant role that tensor forces play in internucleon interactions. We findalso that the presence of SRCs requires modifications of the Landau Fermiliquid approach to highly asymmetric nuclear matter and leads to asignificantly faster cooling of cold neutron stars with neutrino coolingoperational even for $N_p/N_n \le 0.1$. The effect is even stronger for thehyperon stars. Theoretical challenges raised by the discovered dominance ofnucleon degrees of freedom in SRCs and important role of the spontaneouslybroken chiral symmetry in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in resolving them areconsidered. We also outline directions for future theoretical and experimentalstudies of the physics relevant for SRCs.

Recent observation of short range nucleon correlations in nuclei and their implications for the structure of nuclei and neutron stars